本篇内容主要讲解“ThreadPoolExecutor参数如何使用”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“ThreadPoolExecutor参数如何使用”吧!
ThreadPoolExecutor参数说明
一、ThreadPoolExecutor核心参数说明
1、corePoolSize：核心线程数
* 核心线程会一直存活，及时没有任务需要执行
* 当线程数小于核心线程数时，即使有线程空闲，线程池也会优先创建新线程处理
* 设置allowCoreThreadTimeout=true（默认false）时，核心线程会超时关闭
2、queueCapacity：任务队列容量（阻塞队列）
* 当核心线程数达到最大时，新任务会放在队列中排队等待执行
3、maxPoolSize：最大线程数
* 当线程数>=corePoolSize，且任务队列已满时。线程池会创建新线程来处理任务
* 当线程数=maxPoolSize，且任务队列已满时，线程池会拒绝处理任务而抛出异常
4、 keepAliveTime：线程空闲时间
* 当线程空闲时间达到keepAliveTime时，线程会退出，直到线程数量=corePoolSize
* 如果allowCoreThreadTimeout=true，则会直到线程数量=0
5、allowCoreThreadTimeout：允许核心线程超时
6、rejectedExecutionHandler：任务拒绝处理器
* 两种情况会拒绝处理任务：
- 当线程数已经达到maxPoolSize，切队列已满，会拒绝新任务
- 当线程池被调用shutdown()后，会等待线程池里的任务执行完毕，再shutdown。如果在调用shutdown()和线程池真正shutdown之间提交任务，会拒绝新任务
* 线程池会调用rejectedExecutionHandler来处理这个任务。如果没有设置默认是AbortPolicy，会抛出异常
* ThreadPoolExecutor类有几个内部实现类来处理这类情况：
-
AbortPolicy-
CallerRunsPolicy-
DiscardPolicy-
DiscardOldestPolicy* 实现RejectedExecutionHandler接口，可自定义处理器
二、ThreadPoolExecutor执行顺序
线程池按以下行为执行任务
1. 当线程数小于核心线程数时，创建线程。
2. 当线程数大于等于核心线程数，且任务队列未满时，将任务放入任务队列。
3. 当线程数大于等于核心线程数，且任务队列已满
-1 若线程数小于最大线程数，创建线程
-2 若线程数等于最大线程数，抛出异常，拒绝任务
三、ThreadPoolExecutor如何设置参数
1、默认值
* corePoolSize=1 * queueCapacity=Integer.MAX_VALUE * maxPoolSize=Integer.MAX_VALUE * keepAliveTime=60s * allowCoreThreadTimeout=false * rejectedExecutionHandler=AbortPolicy()
2、如何来设置
* 需要根据几个值来决定
-
tasks-
taskcost-
responsetime* 做几个计算
- corePoolSize = 每秒需要多少个线程处理？
* 一颗CPU核心同一时刻只能执行一个线程，然后操作系统切换上下文，核心开始执行另一个线程的代码，以此类推，超过cpu核心数，就会放入队列，如果队列也满了，就另起一个新的线程执行，所有推荐：corePoolSize = ((cpu核心数 * 2) + 有效磁盘数)，java可以使用Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()获取cpu核心数
- queueCapacity = (coreSizePool/taskcost)*responsetime
* 计算可得 queueCapacity = corePoolSize/0.1*1。意思是队列里的线程可以等待1s，超过了的需要新开线程来执行
* 切记不能设置为Integer.MAX_VALUE，这样队列会很大，线程数只会保持在corePoolSize大小，当任务陡增时，不能新开线程来执行，响应时间会随之陡增。
- maxPoolSize = (max(tasks)- queueCapacity)/(1/taskcost)
* 计算可得 maxPoolSize = (1000-corePoolSize)/10，即(每秒并发数-corePoolSize大小) / 10
* （最大任务数-队列容量）/每个线程每秒处理能力 = 最大线程数
- rejectedExecutionHandler：根据具体情况来决定，任务不重要可丢弃，任务重要则要利用一些缓冲机制来处理
- keepAliveTime和allowCoreThreadTimeout采用默认通常能满足
ThreadPoolExecutor参数allowCoreThreadTimeOut
ThreadPoolExecutor的执行流程有一点可能被吐槽过，就是只有缓存队列已经满了的时候才会使用到maxPoolSize创建新的线程.也就是说如果corePoolSize设为0的时候，要等到队列满了，才会创建线程去执行任务
之前有被问到，希望没有任务的时候线程池里的线程可以停掉。可能对性能和资源有过考虑的人都会想到这个问题吧
今天看JDK源码的时候发现了ThreadPoolExecutor在1.6的时候已经支持了
allowCoreThreadTimeOut参数就是为此设计的
/**
* Sets the policy governing whether core threads may time out and
* terminate if no tasks arrive within the keep-alive time, being
* replaced if needed when new tasks arrive. When false, core
* threads are never terminated due to lack of incoming
* tasks. When true, the same keep-alive policy applying to
* non-core threads applies also to core threads. To avoid
* continual thread replacement, the keep-alive time must be
* greater than zero when setting {@code true}. This method
* should in general be called before the pool is actively used.
*
* @param value {@code true} if should time out, else {@code false}
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if value is {@code true}
* and the current keep-alive time is not greater than zero
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public void allowCoreThreadTimeOut(boolean value) {
if (value && keepAliveTime <= 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Core threads must have nonzero keep alive times");
if (value != allowCoreThreadTimeOut) {
allowCoreThreadTimeOut = value;
if (value)
interruptIdleWorkers();
}
}在ThreadPoolExecutor构造函数的注释上也有明确说明：corePoolSize 的数量会一直保持，即使这些线程是空闲的，除非设置了allowCoreThreadTimeOut
/**
* Creates a new {@code ThreadPoolExecutor} with the given initial
* parameters and default thread factory and rejected execution handler.
* It may be more convenient to use one of the {@link Executors} factory
* methods instead of this general purpose constructor.
*
* @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, even
* if they are idle, unless {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut} is set
* @param maximumPoolSize the maximum number of threads to allow in the
* pool
* @param keepAliveTime when the number of threads is greater than
* the core, this is the maximum time that excess idle threads
* will wait for new tasks before terminating.
* @param unit the time unit for the {@code keepAliveTime} argument
* @param workQueue the queue to use for holding tasks before they are
* executed. This queue will hold only the {@code Runnable}
* tasks submitted by the {@code execute} method.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the following holds:<br>
* {@code corePoolSize < 0}<br>
* {@code keepAliveTime < 0}<br>
* {@code maximumPoolSize <= 0}<br>
* {@code maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize}
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code workQueue} is null
*/
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
}当然，在Executors的静态工厂里面的newCachedThreadPool提供了另外一种思路
coreSize为0
SynchronousQueue最多只能有一个任务在队列里面也就是说这个线程池的任务会被立即分配一个线程去处理，如果没有空闲的线程会立即创建线程。
在空闲的时候，线程数量会减少直至为0，这一点倒是满足了要求。可是队列中最多只会缓存一个任务，当任务的处理速度慢于任务进入线程池的速度时，线程数量就会不断膨胀。如果maxPoolSize设置成一个比较小的数字时，可能就会有大量任务被拒绝策略处理。
所以正如注释中所说，newCachedThreadPool只适合于任务处理速度很快的场景下。比如做一些计算，不需要依赖其它服务
/**
* Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but
* will reuse previously constructed threads when they are
* available. These pools will typically improve the performance
* of programs that execute many short-lived asynchronous tasks.
* Calls to {@code execute} will reuse previously constructed
* threads if available. If no existing thread is available, a new
* thread will be created and added to the pool. Threads that have
* not been used for sixty seconds are terminated and removed from
* the cache. Thus, a pool that remains idle for long enough will
* not consume any resources. Note that pools with similar
* properties but different details (for example, timeout parameters)
* may be created using {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} constructors.
*
* @return the newly created thread pool
*/
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());以上就是ThreadPoolExecutor参数如何使用的详细内容，更多关于ThreadPoolExecutor参数如何使用的资料请关注九品源码其它相关文章！