C++怎么利用easyx图形库实现天天酷跑小游戏

这篇文章主要介绍“C++怎么利用easyx图形库实现天天酷跑小游戏”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在C++怎么利用easyx图形库实现天天酷跑小游戏问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”C++怎么利用easyx图形库实现天天酷跑小游戏”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！

开发日志

1.创建项目

2.导入素材

3.创建游戏界面

从用户界面入手

选择图形库或者其他引擎，酷跑是基于“easyx”图形库的

1）创建游戏窗口

2）设计游戏背景

a.三重背景不同的速度移动

b.循环滚动背景的实现

3)实现游戏背景

a.加载背景资源

b.渲染（实现打印图片的效果）背景知识：坐标

遇到的问题：背景图片的png格式图片出现黑色

4.实现玩家奔跑

5.实现玩家跳跃

6.实现随机小乌龟

7.创建结构体结构类型

8.使用障碍物结构体后重新初始化

9.封装后多个障碍物的显示

10.实现玩家的下蹲技能

11.添加柱子障碍物

代码实现

//#undef UNICODE
//#undef _UNICODE

#include <stdio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <vector> //c++ 长度可变的数组
#include "tools.h"

using namespace std; //声明命名空间
#define WIN_SCORE 10

#define WIN_WIDTH 1012 //定义宏 便于后期维护与处理
#define WIN_HEIGHT 396
#define OBSTACLE_COUNT 10


IMAGE imgBgs[3];//背景图片――创建图片数组
int bgX[3];//背景图片的X坐标（不断变化）
int bgSpeed[3] = { 1,2,4 };//控制3个背景不同速度

IMAGE imgHeros[12];//人物不断奔跑的实现
int heroX;//玩家的X坐标
int heroY;//玩家的Y坐标
int heroIndex;//玩家奔跑的图片帧序号

bool heroJump;//表示玩家正在跳跃
int jumpHeightMax;//跳跃的最大高度
int heroJumpOff;//跳跃偏移量
int update;//表示是否需要马上刷新画面

//IMAGE imgTortoise; //小乌龟
//int torToiseX; //小乌龟的水平坐标
//int torToiseY; //小乌龟的竖直坐标
//bool torToiseExist; //当前窗口是否有小乌龟

int heroBlood; //定义玩家血量
int score;

typedef enum {
	TORTOISE, //乌龟 0
	LION, //狮子 1
	HOOK1,
	HOOK2,
	HOOK3,
	HOOK4,
	OBSTACLE_TYPE_COUNT //边界 6
}obstacle_type;

// 相当于 IMAGE obstacleImgs[3][5]
vector<vector<IMAGE>>obstacleImgs; //二维数组 存放所有障碍物的各个图片

typedef struct obstacle {
	int type; //障碍物的类型
	int imgIndex; //当前显示的图片的序号
	int x, y; //障碍物的坐标
	int speed;
	int power; //杀伤力
	bool exist;
	bool hited;  //表示是否已经发生碰撞
	bool passed;//表示是否已经被通过
}obstacle_t;

obstacle_t obstacles[OBSTACLE_COUNT];
int lastObsIndex;//解决障碍物bug（柱子与狮子在一起）

IMAGE imgHeroDown[2];
bool heroDown; //表示玩家是否处于下蹲状态

IMAGE imgSZ[10];

//游戏的初始化
void init() {
	//创建游戏窗口
	initgraph(WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT, EW_SHOWCONSOLE);

	//加载背景资源
	char name[64];
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		//路径 "res/bg001.png" "res/bg002.png" "res/bg003.png"
		sprintf(name, "res/bg%03d.png",i+1);//%03d占3位，不足3位自动补0
		//#undef _UNICODE  
		loadimage(&imgBgs[i], name);//把3个图片加载到了图片数组的位置

		bgX[i] = 0;
	}

	//加载Hero奔跑的图片帧素材
	for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
		sprintf(name, "res/hero%d.png", i + 1);
		loadimage(&imgHeros[i], name);
	}
	 
	//设置玩家的初始位置
	heroX = WIN_WIDTH * 0.5 - imgHeros[0].getwidth() * 0.5;//X坐标：屏幕宽度的一半减去人物宽度的一半
	heroY = 345 - imgHeros[0].getheight();//Y坐标：脚底坐标减去人物高度
	heroIndex = 0;

	heroJump = false;
	jumpHeightMax = 345 - imgHeros[0].getheight() - 120;
	heroJumpOff = -4;

	update = true;

	加载小乌龟素材
	//loadimage(&imgTortoise, "res/t1.png");
	//torToiseExist = false;
	//torToiseY = 345 - imgTortoise.getheight() + 5;
	IMAGE imgTort;
	loadimage(&imgTort, "res/t1.png");
	vector<IMAGE>imgTortArray;
	imgTortArray.push_back(imgTort);//添加图片
	obstacleImgs.push_back(imgTortArray);

	IMAGE imgLion;
	vector<IMAGE>imgLionArray;
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
		sprintf(name, "res/p%d.png", i + 1);
		loadimage(&imgLion, name);
		imgLionArray.push_back(imgLion);
	}
	obstacleImgs.push_back(imgLionArray);
	
	//初始化障碍物池
	for (int i = 0; i < OBSTACLE_COUNT; i++) {
		obstacles[i].exist = false;
	}

	//加载下蹲素材
	loadimage(&imgHeroDown[0], "res/d1.png");
	loadimage(&imgHeroDown[1], "res/d2.png");
	heroDown = false;

	//加载柱子图片
	IMAGE imgH;
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		vector<IMAGE> imgHookArray;
		sprintf(name, "res/h%d.png", i + 1);
		loadimage(&imgH, name, 63, 250, true); // 图片进行缩化
		imgHookArray.push_back(imgH);
		obstacleImgs.push_back(imgHookArray);
	}

	heroBlood = 100;

	//预加载音效
	preLoadSound("res/hit.mp3");
	//背景音乐
	mciSendString("play res/bg.mp3 repeat", 0, 0, 0);

	lastObsIndex = -1;
	score = 0;

	//加载数字图片
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		sprintf(name, "res/sz/%d.png", i);
		loadimage(&imgSZ[i], name);
	}
}

//随机创建障碍物
void creatObstacle() {
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < OBSTACLE_COUNT; i++) {
		if (obstacles[i].exist == false) {
			break;
		}
	}
	if (i >= OBSTACLE_COUNT) {
		return;
	}

	obstacles[i].exist = true;
	obstacles[i].hited = false;
	obstacles[i].imgIndex = 0;
	//obstacles[i].type = (obstacle_type)(rand() % OBSTACLE_TYPE_COUNT);
	obstacles[i].type = (obstacle_type)(rand() % 3);

	//如果上一个障碍物是柱子，下一个是狮子，判断距离，若很近，则狮子换为乌龟
	if (lastObsIndex >= 0 && obstacles[lastObsIndex].type >= HOOK1 && obstacles[lastObsIndex].type <= HOOK4 && obstacles[i].type == LION && obstacles[lastObsIndex].x > WIN_WIDTH - 500) 
	{
		obstacles[i].type == TORTOISE;
	}
	lastObsIndex = i;

	if (obstacles[i].type == HOOK1) { //降低柱子出现的频率
		obstacles[i].type += rand() % 4; //0-3
	}

	obstacles[i].x = WIN_WIDTH;
	obstacles[i].y = 345 + 5 - obstacleImgs[obstacles[i].type][0].getheight();
	if (obstacles[i].type == TORTOISE) {
		obstacles[i].speed = 0;
		obstacles[i].power = 5; //随意
	}
	else if (obstacles[i].type == LION) {
		obstacles[i].speed = 1;
		obstacles[i].power = 20;
	}
	else if (obstacles[i].type >= HOOK1 && obstacles[i].type <= HOOK4) {
		obstacles[i].speed = 0;
		obstacles[i].power = 20;
		obstacles[i].y = 0;
	}

	obstacles[i].passed = false;
}

void checkHit() {
	for(int i = 0; i < OBSTACLE_COUNT; i++) {
		if (obstacles[i].exist && obstacles[i].hited == false) {
			int a1x, a1y, a2x, a2y;
			int off = 30;
			if (!heroDown) { //非下蹲 奔跑 跳跃
				a1x = heroX + off;
				a1y = heroY + off;
				a2x = heroX + imgHeros[heroIndex].getwidth() - off;
				a2y = heroY + imgHeros[heroIndex].getheight();
			}
			else {
				a1x = heroX + off;
				a1y = 345 - imgHeroDown[heroIndex].getheight();
				a2x = heroX + imgHeroDown[heroIndex].getwidth() - off;
				a2y = 345;
			}

			IMAGE img = obstacleImgs[obstacles[i].type][obstacles[i].imgIndex]; //当前障碍物类型（的第几张图片）
			int b1x = obstacles[i].x + off;
			int b1y = obstacles[i].y + off;
			int b2x = obstacles[i].x + img.getwidth() - off;
			int b2y = obstacles[i].y + img.getheight() - 10;

			if (rectIntersect(a1x, a1y, a2x, a2y, b1x, b1y, b2x, b2y)) {
				heroBlood -= obstacles[i].power;
				printf("血量剩余 %d
", heroBlood);
				playSound("res/hit.mp3");
				obstacles[i].hited = true;
			}
		}
	}
}


//让背景动起来
void run() {
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		bgX[i] -= bgSpeed[i];//3个背景移动的速度不同
		if (bgX[i] < -WIN_WIDTH) {
			bgX[i] = 0;
		}
	}

	//实现跳跃
	if (heroJump) 
	{
		if (heroY < jumpHeightMax) //达到最大跳跃高度 跳跃偏移量为正 向下跳跃
		{ 
			heroJumpOff = 4;
		}

		heroY += heroJumpOff;

		if (heroY > 345 - imgHeros[0].getheight()) //到达地面 跳跃结束
		{  
			heroJump = false;
			heroJumpOff = -4; // 偏移量初始化
		}
	}
	else if (heroDown) { //人物下蹲
		static int count = 0;
		int delays[2] = { 8,30 }; //设置下蹲的时间不一样
		count++;
		if (count >= delays[heroIndex]) {
			count = 0;
			heroIndex++;
			if (heroIndex >= 2) {
				heroIndex = 0;
				heroDown = false;
			}
		}
	}
	else{ //不跳跃
		heroIndex = (heroIndex + 1) % 12; //12张图片循环播放完成一系列动作
	}

	//创建障碍物
	static int frameCount = 0;
	static int enemyFre = 50;
	frameCount++;
	if (frameCount > enemyFre){
		frameCount = 0;
		//if (!torToiseExist) { //避免屏幕同时出现多个小乌龟
		//	torToiseExist = true;
		//	torToiseX = WIN_WIDTH;	
		//	enemyFre=rand()%301+200; //每200-500帧随机出现一只龟
		//}
		enemyFre = rand() % 50 + 50;
		creatObstacle();
	}

	//if (torToiseExist) {
	//	//更新小乌龟位置
	//	torToiseX -= bgSpeed[2];
	//	if (torToiseX < -imgTortoise.getwidth()) {
	//		torToiseExist = false;
	//	}
	//}
	
	//更新所有障碍物的坐标
	for (int i = 0; i < OBSTACLE_COUNT; i++) {
		if (obstacles[i].exist) {
			obstacles[i].x -= obstacles[i].speed + bgSpeed[2];
			if (obstacles[i].x < -obstacleImgs[obstacles[i].type][0].getwidth() * 2) {
				obstacles[i].exist = false;
			}
			int len = obstacleImgs[obstacles[i].type].size();
			obstacles[i].imgIndex = (obstacles[i].imgIndex + 1) % len;
		}
	}

	//玩家和障碍物的“碰撞检测”处理
	checkHit();

}

//渲染“游戏背景”
void updateBg() {
	//调整背景图片位置
	putimagePNG2(bgX[0], 0, &imgBgs[0]);
	putimagePNG2(bgX[1], 119, &imgBgs[1]);
	putimagePNG2(bgX[2], 330, &imgBgs[2]);

}

//实现跳跃
void jump() {
	heroJump = true;
	update = true; //未处于刷新时也能跳跃
}

void down() {
	update = true;
	heroDown = true;
	heroIndex = 0;
}

//处理用户按键的输入
void keyEvent() {

	//char c;
	//scanf("%c", &c);   会直接阻塞程序的执行

	if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP)){ //虚拟键
		jump();
		/*
			if(kbhit())   //kbhit()判断有无键盘输入。若有按键按下，则kbhit()返回 TRUE
			{
				char ch = _getch();//不需要按下回车即可直接读取
				if (ch == ' ') {//按下空格跳跃
					jump();
			}
		*/
	}

	else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN)) {
		down();
	}
}

void updateEnemy() {
	//渲染小乌龟
	/*if (torToiseExist) {
		putimagePNG2(torToiseX, torToiseY, WIN_WIDTH, &imgTortoise);
	}*/
	for (int i = 0; i < OBSTACLE_COUNT; i++) {
		if (obstacles[i].exist) {
			putimagePNG2(obstacles[i].x, obstacles[i].y, WIN_WIDTH, &obstacleImgs[obstacles[i].type][obstacles[i].imgIndex]);
		}
	}
}

void updateHero() {
	if (!heroDown) { //不处于下蹲状态――奔跑跳跃
		putimagePNG2(heroX, heroY, &imgHeros[heroIndex]);
	}
	else {
		int y = 345 - imgHeroDown[heroIndex].getheight();
		putimagePNG2(heroX, y, &imgHeroDown[heroIndex]);
	}
}
	
void updateBloodBar()
{
	drawBloodBar(10, 10, 200, 10, 2, BLUE, DARKGRAY, RED, heroBlood / 100.0);
}

void checkOver() {
	if (heroBlood <= 0) {
		loadimage(0, "res/over.png");
		FlushBatchDraw();//刷新
		mciSendString("stop res / bg.mp3", 0, 0, 0);//关掉背景音乐
		system("pause");

		//暂停之后，充币复活或者直接开始下一局
		heroBlood = 100;
		score = 0;
		mciSendString("play res / bg.mp3 repeat", 0, 0, 0);
	}
}

void checkScore() {
	for (int i = 0; i < OBSTACLE_COUNT; i++) {
		if (obstacles[i].exist && obstacles[i].passed == false && 
			obstacles[i].x + obstacleImgs[obstacles[i].type][0].getwidth() < heroX && obstacles[i].hited == false) 
		{
			score++; 
			obstacles[i].passed = true;
			printf("score:%d
", score);
		}
	}
}

void updateScore() {
	char str[8];
	sprintf(str, "%d", score);

	int x = 20;
	int y = 25;

	for (int i = 0; str[i]; i++) {
		int sz = str[i] - '0';
		putimagePNG(x, y, &imgSZ[sz]);
		x += imgSZ[sz].getwidth() + 5;
	}
}

void checkWin() {
	if (score >= WIN_SCORE) {
		FlushBatchDraw();
		mciSendString("play res/win.mp3", 0, 0, 0);
		Sleep(2000);
		loadimage(0, "res/win.png");
		FlushBatchDraw();
		mciSendString("stop res/bg.mp3", 0, 0, 0);
		system("pause");

		heroBlood = 100;
		score = 0;
		mciSendString("play res/bg.mp3 repeat", 0, 0, 0);
	}
}

int main(void)
{
	init();

	//显示初始化面
	loadimage(0, "res/over.png");
	system("pause");

	int timer = 0;
	while (1) {
		keyEvent();
		timer += getDelay();//此函数返回距离上一次调用间隔的时间，第一次返回0
		if (timer > 30) { //30毫秒刷新时间
			timer = 0;
			update = true;
		}
		if (update) {
			update = false;
			BeginBatchDraw();//这个函数用于开始批量绘图。执行后，任何绘图操作都将暂时不输出到绘图窗口上，直到执行 FlushBatchDraw 或 EndBatchDraw 才将之前的绘图输出。
			updateBg();
			//putimagePNG2(heroX, heroY, &imgHeros[heroIndex]);
			updateHero();
			updateEnemy();
			updateBloodBar();
			updateScore();
			checkWin();
			EndBatchDraw();//这个函数用于结束批量绘制，并执行未完成的绘制任务。   这两个函数主要为了消除闪烁。

			checkOver();
			checkScore();
			
			run();
		}
		

		//Sleep(30); //休眠
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

##  tool头文件
```javascript
#include <stdio.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include "tools.h"

#include <mmsystem.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "winmm.lib")


int getDelay() {
    static unsigned long long lastTime = 0;
    unsigned long long currentTime = GetTickCount();
    if (lastTime == 0) {
        lastTime = currentTime;
        return 0;
    }
    else {
        int ret = currentTime - lastTime;
        lastTime = currentTime;
        return ret;
    }
}

// 载入PNG图并去透明部分
void putimagePNG(int  picture_x, int picture_y, IMAGE* picture) //x为载入图片的X坐标，y为Y坐标
{
    DWORD* dst = GetImageBuffer();    // GetImageBuffer()函数，用于获取绘图设备的显存指针，EASYX自带
    DWORD* draw = GetImageBuffer();
    DWORD* src = GetImageBuffer(picture); //获取picture的显存指针
    int picture_width = picture->getwidth(); //获取picture的宽度，EASYX自带
    int picture_height = picture->getheight(); //获取picture的高度，EASYX自带
    int graphWidth = getwidth();       //获取绘图区的宽度，EASYX自带
    int graphHeight = getheight();     //获取绘图区的高度，EASYX自带
    int dstX = 0;    //在显存里像素的角标

    // 实现透明贴图 公式： Cp=αp*FP+(1-αp)*BP ， 贝叶斯定理来进行点颜色的概率计算
    for (int iy = 0; iy < picture_height; iy++)
    {
        for (int ix = 0; ix < picture_width; ix++)
        {
            int srcX = ix + iy * picture_width; //在显存里像素的角标
            int sa = ((src[srcX] & 0xff000000) >> 24); //0xAArrggbb;AA是透明度
            int sr = ((src[srcX] & 0xff0000) >> 16); //获取RGB里的R
            int sg = ((src[srcX] & 0xff00) >> 8);   //G
            int sb = src[srcX] & 0xff;              //B
            if (ix >= 0 && ix <= graphWidth && iy >= 0 && iy <= graphHeight && dstX <= graphWidth * graphHeight)
            {
                dstX = (ix + picture_x) + (iy + picture_y) * graphWidth; //在显存里像素的角标
                int dr = ((dst[dstX] & 0xff0000) >> 16);
                int dg = ((dst[dstX] & 0xff00) >> 8);
                int db = dst[dstX] & 0xff;
                draw[dstX] = ((sr * sa / 255 + dr * (255 - sa) / 255) << 16)  //公式： Cp=αp*FP+(1-αp)*BP  ； αp=sa/255 , FP=sr , BP=dr
                    | ((sg * sa / 255 + dg * (255 - sa) / 255) << 8)         //αp=sa/255 , FP=sg , BP=dg
                    | (sb * sa / 255 + db * (255 - sa) / 255);              //αp=sa/255 , FP=sb , BP=db
            }
        }
    }
}

// 适用于 y <0 以及x<0的任何情况
void putimagePNG2(int x, int y, IMAGE* picture) {
    IMAGE imgTmp;
    if (y < 0) {
        SetWorkingImage(picture);
        getimage(&imgTmp, 0, -y,
            picture->getwidth(), picture->getheight() + y);
        SetWorkingImage();
        y = 0;
        picture = &imgTmp;
    }

    if (x < 0) {
        SetWorkingImage(picture);
        getimage(&imgTmp, -x, 0, picture->getwidth() + x, picture->getheight());
        SetWorkingImage();
        x = 0;
        picture = &imgTmp;
    } 

    putimagePNG(x, y, picture);
}

// 适用于 y <0 以及y>0的任何情况
void putimagePNG2(int x, int y, int winWidth, IMAGE* picture) {
    IMAGE imgTmp;
    if (y < 0) {
        SetWorkingImage(picture);
        getimage(&imgTmp, 0, -y,
            picture->getwidth(), picture->getheight() + y);
        SetWorkingImage();
        y = 0;
        picture = &imgTmp;
    }

    if (x < 0) {
        SetWorkingImage(picture);
        getimage(&imgTmp, -x, 0, picture->getwidth() + x, picture->getheight());
        SetWorkingImage();
        x = 0;
        picture = &imgTmp;
    }
    else if (x >= winWidth) {
        return;
    }
    else if (x > winWidth-picture->getwidth()) {
        SetWorkingImage(picture);
        getimage(&imgTmp, 0, 0, winWidth - x, picture->getheight());
        SetWorkingImage();
        picture = &imgTmp;
    }

    putimagePNG(x, y, picture);
}

//设A[x01,y01,x02,y02]  B[x11,y11,x12,y12].
bool rectIntersect(int x01, int y01, int x02, int y02,
    int x11, int y11, int x12, int y12)
{
    int zx = abs(x01 + x02 - x11 - x12);
    int x = abs(x01 - x02) + abs(x11 - x12);
    int zy = abs(y01 + y02 - y11 - y12);
    int y = abs(y01 - y02) + abs(y11 - y12);
    return  (zx <= x && zy <= y);
}

void  preLoadSound(const char* name) {
    char cmd[512];
    sprintf_s(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "open %s alias %s-1", name, name);
    mciSendString(cmd, 0, 0, 0);
    sprintf_s(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "open %s alias %s-2", name, name);
    mciSendString(cmd, 0, 0, 0);
}

void  playSound(const char* name) {
    static int index = 1;
    char cmd[512];

    if (index == 1) {
        sprintf_s(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "play %s-1", name);
        mciSendString(cmd, 0, 0, 0);
        sprintf_s(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "close %s-2", name);
        mciSendString(cmd, 0, 0, 0);
        sprintf_s(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "open %s alias %s-2", name, name);
        mciSendString(cmd, 0, 0, 0);
        index++;
    }
    else if (index == 2) {
        sprintf_s(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "play %s-2", name);
        mciSendString(cmd, 0, 0, 0);
        sprintf_s(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "close %s-1", name);
        mciSendString(cmd, 0, 0, 0);
        sprintf_s(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "open %s alias %s-1", name, name);
        mciSendString(cmd, 0, 0, 0);
        index = 1;
    }
}

void drawBloodBar(int x, int y, int width, int height, int lineWidth, int boardColor, int emptyColor, int fillColor, float percent) {
    LINESTYLE lineStyle;
    getlinestyle(&lineStyle);
    int lineColor = getlinecolor();
    int fileColor = getfillcolor();

    if (percent < 0) {
        percent = 0;
    }

    setlinecolor(BLUE);
    setlinestyle(PS_SOLID | PS_ENDCAP_ROUND, lineWidth);
    setfillcolor(emptyColor);
    fillrectangle(x, y, x + width, y + height);
    setlinestyle(PS_SOLID | PS_ENDCAP_FLAT, 0);
    setfillcolor(fillColor);
    setlinecolor(fillColor);
    if (percent > 0) {
        fillrectangle(x + 0.5 * lineWidth, y + lineWidth * 0.5, x + width * percent, y + height - 0.5 * lineWidth);
    }
    
    setlinecolor(lineColor);
    setfillcolor(fillColor);
    setlinestyle(&lineStyle);
}

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