Kafka之kafka-topics.sh如何使用

其他教程   发布日期:2023年08月06日   浏览次数:385

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一、kafka的基本操作

1.1、创建topic

  1. sh kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic test

参数说明:

    1. –create
    是创建主题的的动作指令。
    1. –zookeeper
    指定kafka所连接的zookeeper服务地址。
    1. –replicator-factor
    指定了副本因子(即副本数量); 表示该topic需要在不同的broker中保存几份,这里设置成1,表示在两个broker中保存两份Partitions分区数。
    1. –partitions
    指定分区个数;多通道,类似车道。
    1. –topic
    指定所要创建主题的名称,比如test。

成功则显示:

  1. Created topic "test".

1.2、查看topic

  1. sh kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper localhost:2181

显示:

  1. test

1.3、查看topic属性

  1. sh kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test

显示:

  1. Topic:test PartitionCount:1 ReplicationFactor:1 Configs:
  2. Topic: test Partition: 0 Leader: 0 Replicas: 0 Isr: 0

1.4、发送消息

  1. sh kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic test

发送端输入:

  1. >hello
  2. >where are you
  3. >let's go

1.5、消费消息

  1. sh kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic test
  2. --from-beginning

消费端显示:

  1. hello
  2. where are you
  3. let's go
  4. ^CProcessed a total of 3 messages

二、kafka-topics.sh 使用方式

创建、修改、删除以及查看等功能。

2.1、查看帮助

/bin目录下的每一个脚本工具,都有着众多的参数选项,不可能所有命令都记得住,这些脚本都可以使用 --help 参数来打印列出其所需的参数信息。

  1. $ sh kafka-topics.sh --help
  2. Command must include exactly one action: --list, --describe, --create, --alter or --delete
  3. Option Description
  4. ------ -----------
  5. --alter Alter the number of partitions,
  6. replica assignment, and/or
  7. configuration for the topic.
  8. --config <String: name=value> A topic configuration override for the
  9. topic being created or altered.The
  10. following is a list of valid
  11. configurations:
  12. cleanup.policy
  13. compression.type
  14. delete.retention.ms
  15. file.delete.delay.ms
  16. flush.messages
  17. flush.ms
  18. follower.replication.throttled.
  19. replicas
  20. index.interval.bytes
  21. leader.replication.throttled.replicas
  22. max.message.bytes
  23. message.downconversion.enable
  24. message.format.version
  25. message.timestamp.difference.max.ms
  26. message.timestamp.type
  27. min.cleanable.dirty.ratio
  28. min.compaction.lag.ms
  29. min.insync.replicas
  30. preallocate
  31. retention.bytes
  32. retention.ms
  33. segment.bytes
  34. segment.index.bytes
  35. segment.jitter.ms
  36. segment.ms
  37. unclean.leader.election.enable
  38. See the Kafka documentation for full
  39. details on the topic configs.
  40. --create Create a new topic.
  41. --delete Delete a topic
  42. --delete-config <String: name> A topic configuration override to be
  43. removed for an existing topic (see
  44. the list of configurations under the
  45. --config option).
  46. --describe List details for the given topics.
  47. --disable-rack-aware Disable rack aware replica assignment
  48. --force Suppress console prompts
  49. --help Print usage information.
  50. --if-exists if set when altering or deleting
  51. topics, the action will only execute
  52. if the topic exists
  53. --if-not-exists if set when creating topics, the
  54. action will only execute if the
  55. topic does not already exist
  56. --list List all available topics.
  57. --partitions <Integer: # of partitions> The number of partitions for the topic
  58. being created or altered (WARNING:
  59. If partitions are increased for a
  60. topic that has a key, the partition
  61. logic or ordering of the messages
  62. will be affected
  63. --replica-assignment <String: A list of manual partition-to-broker
  64. broker_id_for_part1_replica1 : assignments for the topic being
  65. broker_id_for_part1_replica2 , created or altered.
  66. broker_id_for_part2_replica1 :
  67. broker_id_for_part2_replica2 , ...>
  68. --replication-factor <Integer: The replication factor for each
  69. replication factor> partition in the topic being created.
  70. --topic <String: topic> The topic to be create, alter or
  71. describe. Can also accept a regular
  72. expression except for --create option
  73. --topics-with-overrides if set when describing topics, only
  74. show topics that have overridden
  75. configs
  76. --unavailable-partitions if set when describing topics, only
  77. show partitions whose leader is not
  78. available
  79. --under-replicated-partitions if set when describing topics, only
  80. show under replicated partitions
  81. --zookeeper <String: hosts> REQUIRED: The connection string for
  82. the zookeeper connection in the form
  83. host:port. Multiple hosts can be
  84. given to allow fail-over.

2.2、副本数量规则

副本数量不能大于broker的数量。

kafka 创建主题的时候其副本数量不能大于broker的数量,否则创建主题 topic 失败。

  1. sh kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 2 --partitions 1 --topic test1

报错:

Error while executing topic command : Replication factor: 2 larger than available brokers: 1.
[2022-11-24 14:08:18,745] ERROR org.apache.kafka.common.errors.InvalidReplicationFactorException: Replication factor: 2 larger than available brokers: 1.
(kafka.admin.TopicCommand$)

注意:副本数量和分区数量的区别。

2.3、创建主题

创建主题时候,有3个参数是必填的:

    1. &ndash;partitions
    (分区数量)、
    1. &ndash;topic
    (主题名) 、
    1. &ndash;replication-factor
    (复制系数),

同时还需使用 --create 参数表明本次操作是想要创建一个主题操作。

  1. sh kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic test1

返回显示:

  1. Created topic "test1".

另外在创建主题的时候,还可以附加以下两个选项:&ndash;if-not-exists 和 --if-exists . 第一个参数表明仅当该主题不存在时候,创建; 第二个参数表明当修改或删除这个主题时候,仅在该主题存在的时候去执行操作。

2.4、查看broker上所有的主题

&ndash;list。

  1. sh kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper localhost:2181

结果显示:

__consumer_offsets
test
test1

2.5、查看指定主题 topic 的详细信息

&ndash;describe。

  1. sh kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test1

结果显示:

Topic:test1 PartitionCount:1 ReplicationFactor:1 Configs:
Topic: test1 Partition: 0 Leader: 0 Replicas: 0 Isr: 0

2.6、修改主题信息之增加主题分区数量

&ndash;alter。

  1. sh kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test1 --alter --partitions 2

结果显示:

WARNING: If partitions are increased for a topic that has a key, the partition logic or ordering of the messages will be affected
Adding partitions succeeded!

查看主题信息:

  1. sh kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test1

可以看到已经成功的将主题的分区数量从1修改为了2。

  1. Topic:test1 PartitionCount:2 ReplicationFactor:1 Configs:
  2. Topic: test1 Partition: 0 Leader: 0 Replicas: 0 Isr: 0
  3. Topic: test1 Partition: 1 Leader: 0 Replicas: 0 Isr: 0

当去修改一个不存在的topic信息时(比如修改主题 test2,当前这主题是不存在的)。

  1. sh kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test2 --alter --partitions 2

会报错:

Error while executing topic command : Topic test2 does not exist on ZK path localhost:2181
[2022-11-24 14:21:33,564] ERROR java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Topic test2 does not exist on ZK path localhost:2181
at kafka.admin.TopicCommand$.alterTopic(TopicCommand.scala:123)
at kafka.admin.TopicCommand$.main(TopicCommand.scala:65)
at kafka.admin.TopicCommand.main(TopicCommand.scala)
(kafka.admin.TopicCommand$)

注意:不要使用 --alter 去尝试减少分区的数量,如果非要减少分区的数量,只能删除整个主题 topic, 然后重新创建。

2.7、删除主题

&ndash;delete。

  1. sh kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --delete --topic test1

日志信息提示,主题 test1已经被标记删除状态,但是若delete.topic.enable 没有设置为 true , 则将不会有任何作用。

Topic test1 is marked for deletion.
Note: This will have no impact if delete.topic.enable is not set to true.

可以测试一些:

  1. # 一个终端启动生产者:
  2. sh kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic test1
  3. # 另一个终端启动消费者:
  4. sh kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic test1--from-beginning

发现此时还是可以发送消息和接收消息。如果要支持能够删除主题的操作,则需要在 /bin 的同级目录 /config目录下的文件server.properties中,修改配置delete.topic.enable=true(如果置为false,则kafka broker 是不允许删除主题的)。

然后就重启kafka:

  1. # 停止:
  2. sh kafka-server-stop.sh -daemon ../config/server.properties
  3. # 启动:
  4. sh kafka-server-start.sh -daemon ../config/server.properties

再次删除就可以了。

  1. sh kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --delete --topic test1

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