Android应用程序的启动流程是什么

其他教程   发布日期:2024年10月07日   浏览次数:218

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    应用进程的启动流程

    本文基于Android 11,主要分析应用程序的启动流程,会直接定位到ActivityStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivity函数开始,因为该函数前面的内容主要在Activity的启动流程中,可以通过这部分的文章来阅读。

    看源码流程,需要戒骄戒躁,心态好。配合源码使用,建议先收藏,夜深人静,心血来潮再看。

    通过分析应用进程的启动流程,可以得到:

    • 在Framework层,现在不止有AMS负责请求Zygote进程创建新进程,还有ATMS、ActivityStarter、ActivityTaskManger、ActivityTaskS在协助分担一些参数和逻辑的检查。

    • 每个进程都是通过fork Zygote进程而来,且获得Java虚拟机。也就是说每一个应用进程都有自己的虚拟机。

    • 应用进程是通过Soket去请求Zygote进程fork自己的。

    • 每个进程都有自己的Binder线程池用于IPC。

    • 每个应用进程的主线程在ActivityThread,其main函数会创建消息循环机制。

    1、ActivityStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivity

    ATMS有一个ProcessMap<WindowProcessController>类型的mProcessNames ,用于存储封装了已启动进程信息ProcessRecord和窗口信息Windows的WindowProcessController实例。WindowProcessController用于协调ActivityManger管理ProcessReocrd和WindwManger管理WIndow和Activity的关系。

    void startSpecificActivity(ActivityRecord r, boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
        // Is this activity's application already running?
        final WindowProcessController wpc =
                mService.getProcessController(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo.uid);
        boolean knownToBeDead = false;
        if (wpc != null && wpc.hasThread()) {
            realStartActivityLocked(r, wpc, andResume, checkConfig);
            return;
            ...
            knownToBeDead = true;
        }
        r.notifyUnknownVisibilityLaunchedForKeyguardTransition();
        final boolean isTop = andResume && r.isTopRunningActivity();
        mService.startProcessAsync(r, knownToBeDead, isTop, isTop ? "top-activity" : "activity");
    }

    这里的mService是ActivityTaskManagerService的实例,通过getProcessController函数获得当前wpc对象,判断当前启动应用进程是否启动wpc != null && wpc.hasThread(),如果条件成立,则开始真正启动一个未启动过的Activity,通过realStartActivityLocked;条件不成立,则调用mService的startProcessAsync启动当前Activity的所在的进程。即startSpecificActivity函数是启动进程和启动Activity的一个分界点。

    2、ATMS.startProcessAsync

    PooledLambda.obtainMessage函数是Lambda的调用方式,表示调用ActivityManagerInternal的startProcess函数,后续则是其参数。并返回一个Message对象,发给Handler类型的mH。

    void startProcessAsync(ActivityRecord activity, boolean knownToBeDead, boolean isTop,
            String hostingType) {
        final Message m = PooledLambda.obtainMessage(ActivityManagerInternal::startProcess,
                mAmInternal, activity.processName, activity.info.applicationInfo, knownToBeDead,
                isTop, hostingType, activity.intent.getComponent());
        mH.sendMessage(m);
    }

    抽象类ActivityManagerInternal的继承类定义在ActivityManagerService的内部类LocalService。

    public final class LocalService extends ActivityManagerInternal

    3、LocalService.startProcess

    @Override
    public void startProcess(String processName, ApplicationInfo info, boolean knownToBeDead,
            boolean isTop, String hostingType, ComponentName hostingName) {
        startProcessLocked(processName, info, knownToBeDead, 0 /* intentFlags */,
                new HostingRecord(hostingType, hostingName, isTop),
                ZYGOTE_POLICY_FLAG_LATENCY_SENSITIVE, false /* allowWhileBooting */,
                false /* isolated */, true /* keepIfLarge */);  
    }

    4、startProcessLocked函数

    final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName,
            ApplicationInfo info, boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags,
            HostingRecord hostingRecord, int zygotePolicyFlags, boolean allowWhileBooting,
            boolean isolated, boolean keepIfLarge) {
        return mProcessList.startProcessLocked(processName, info, knownToBeDead, intentFlags,
                hostingRecord, zygotePolicyFlags, allowWhileBooting, isolated, 0 /* isolatedUid */,
                keepIfLarge, null /* ABI override */, null /* entryPoint */,
                null /* entryPointArgs */, null /* crashHandler */);
    }

    5、ProcessList.startProcessLocked

    ProcessList类的startProcessLocked函数,有几个重载函数,第一个调用。

    在 !isolated,判断了启动IntentFlag是否后台运行,是的话,直接拒绝。否则清理AMS中发生过Crash的进程(当前应用)。

    分析一:创立当前应用进程的描述ProcessRecord。

    判断当前系统是否启动完毕,未启动完毕,将进程信息缓存到AMS的mProcessesOnHold中。

    分析二:调用了另外一个重载函数。

        final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName, ApplicationInfo info,
                boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags, HostingRecord hostingRecord,
                int zygotePolicyFlags, boolean allowWhileBooting, boolean isolated, int isolatedUid,
                boolean keepIfLarge, String abiOverride, String entryPoint, String[] entryPointArgs,
                Runnable crashHandler) {
            long startTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
            ProcessRecord app;
    		//isolated传递进来是false,
            if (!isolated) {
    			//从mProcessNames缓存获取,由于是首次创建,null
                app = getProcessRecordLocked(processName, info.uid, keepIfLarge);
                checkSlow(startTime, "startProcess: after getProcessRecord");
    			//判断要启动进程是否后台运行,直接return null
                if ((intentFlags &amp; Intent.FLAG_FROM_BACKGROUND) != 0) {
                    if (mService.mAppErrors.isBadProcessLocked(info)) {
                        return null;
                    }
                } else {
                    //重置进程的crash状态,使其处于正常状态
                    mService.mAppErrors.resetProcessCrashTimeLocked(info);
                    if (mService.mAppErrors.isBadProcessLocked(info)) {
                        mService.mAppErrors.clearBadProcessLocked(info);
                        if (app != null) {
                            app.bad = false;
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                app = null;
            }
            ProcessRecord precedence = null;
            if (app != null &amp;&amp; app.pid &gt; 0) {
                if ((!knownToBeDead &amp;&amp; !app.killed) || app.thread == null) {
                    app.addPackage(info.packageName, info.longVersionCode, mService.mProcessStats);
                    return app;
                }
                ProcessList.killProcessGroup(app.uid, app.pid);
                precedence = app;
                app = null;
            }
            if (app == null) {
    			// 分析一、创建新的应用进程描述ProcessRocrd
    			//内部会将自己添加到mProcessNames中
    			app = newProcessRecordLocked(info, processName, isolated, isolatedUid, hostingRecord);
    			if (app == null) {
                    return null;
                }
    			//此时三者都是null
                app.crashHandler = crashHandler;
                app.isolatedEntryPoint = entryPoint;
                app.isolatedEntryPointArgs = entryPointArgs;
                if (precedence != null) {
                    app.mPrecedence = precedence;
                    precedence.mSuccessor = app;
                }
            } else {
                app.addPackage(info.packageName, info.longVersionCode, mService.mProcessStats);
            }
            // If the system is not ready yet, then hold off on starting this
            // process until it is.
            if (!mService.mProcessesReady
                    &amp;&amp; !mService.isAllowedWhileBooting(info)
                    &amp;&amp; !allowWhileBooting) {
                if (!mService.mProcessesOnHold.contains(app)) {
                    mService.mProcessesOnHold.add(app);
                }
                if (DEBUG_PROCESSES) Slog.v(TAG_PROCESSES,
                        "System not ready, putting on hold: " + app);
                checkSlow(startTime, "startProcess: returning with proc on hold");
                return app;
            }
    		分析二:
            final boolean success =
                    startProcessLocked(app, hostingRecord, zygotePolicyFlags, abiOverride);
            checkSlow(startTime, "startProcess: done starting proc!");
            return success ? app : null;
        }

    6、ProcessList.startProcessLocked重载

    再次调用另外一个重载函数。

    final boolean startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, HostingRecord hostingRecord,
            int zygotePolicyFlags, String abiOverride) {
        return startProcessLocked(app, hostingRecord, zygotePolicyFlags,
                false /* disableHiddenApiChecks */, false /* disableTestApiChecks */,
                false /* mountExtStorageFull */, abiOverride);
    }

    重载函数,这个重载函数处理逻辑很长,主要给前面创建的ProcessRecord类型的app设置各种属性。例如外部存储挂载模式,应用进程运行模式,abi架构等等,其中包括最重要一点就是分析一,确定要启动进程的的类名:android.app.ActivityThread。分析二,继续调用重载函数。

        boolean startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, HostingRecord hostingRecord,
                int zygotePolicyFlags, boolean disableHiddenApiChecks, boolean disableTestApiChecks,
                boolean mountExtStorageFull, String abiOverride) {
    			...
                app.gids = gids;
                app.setRequiredAbi(requiredAbi);
                app.instructionSet = instructionSet;
                final String seInfo = app.info.seInfo
                        + (TextUtils.isEmpty(app.info.seInfoUser) ? "" : app.info.seInfoUser);
                //分析一:确定要启动应用程序的类名
                final String entryPoint = "android.app.ActivityThread";
    			//分析二:调用另外一个重载函数
                return startProcessLocked(hostingRecord, entryPoint, app, uid, gids,
                        runtimeFlags, zygotePolicyFlags, mountExternal, seInfo, requiredAbi,
                        instructionSet, invokeWith, startTime);
            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
    		  	...
            }
        }

    重载函数:也是设置一些属性,然后调用startProcess函数。

     boolean startProcessLocked(HostingRecord hostingRecord, String entryPoint, ProcessRecord app,
                int uid, int[] gids, int runtimeFlags, int zygotePolicyFlags, int mountExternal,
                String seInfo, String requiredAbi, String instructionSet, String invokeWith,
                long startTime) {
                ...
                final Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = startProcess(hostingRecord,
                        entryPoint, app,
                        uid, gids, runtimeFlags, zygotePolicyFlags, mountExternal, seInfo,
                        requiredAbi, instructionSet, invokeWith, startTime);
                handleProcessStartedLocked(app, startResult.pid, startResult.usingWrapper,
                        startSeq, false);
               ...
            }
        }

    7、ProcessList.startProcess

    ProcessList类的startProcess函数会根据hostingRecord属性mHostingZygote判断走不同的创建分支,前面创建使用默认值,所以走了else分支。通过 Process.start函数创建新的应用进程。

    Process.start的一路调用:

    Process.start=&gt;ZygoteProcess.start=&gt;ZygoteState.start=&gt;ZygoteState.startViaZygote

    8、ZygoteState.startViaZygote

    startViaZygote函数,主要是将传递进来的参数拼接成成字符串和收集起来。其中processClass是

    private Process.ProcessStartResult startViaZygote(...)
                                                      throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
            //根据传递进来的参数,拼接成字符串并收集到ArrayList&lt;String&gt;类型argsForZygote
            //将作为新应用程序的主函数的参数
            return zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi),
                                              zygotePolicyFlags,
                                              argsForZygote);
    }

    9、ZygoteState.openZygoteSocketIfNeeded

    zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult的第一个参数,调用了openZygoteSocketIfNeeded函数。尝试建立与Socket的连接(如果之前未建立的话)。我们知道Zygote进程在创建的过程,会调用runSelectLoop函数,创建Server端的Socket,一直等待来自AMS的Client端的Socket创建进程请求。

    private ZygoteState openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(String abi) throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
        try {
        	//建立和Zygote的Socket连接
            attemptConnectionToPrimaryZygote();
    		//匹配abi的架构。在Zygote的创建对应四种模式:32,32_64和64,64_32
    		//32,64
            if (primaryZygoteState.matches(abi)) {
                return primaryZygoteState;
            }
    		//主要架构模式不配,匹配第二种 32_64,64_32
            if (mZygoteSecondarySocketAddress != null) {
                // The primary zygote didn't match. Try the secondary.
                attemptConnectionToSecondaryZygote();
                if (secondaryZygoteState.matches(abi)) {
                    return secondaryZygoteState;
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("Error connecting to zygote", ioe);
        }
        throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("Unsupported zygote ABI: " + abi);
    }

    attemptConnectionToPrimaryZygote函数主要通过底层的LocalSocket创建与Zygote进程的Socket连接,并获得输入流zygoteInputStream和输出流zygoteOutputWriter。

    private void attemptConnectionToPrimaryZygote() throws IOException {
        if (primaryZygoteState == null || primaryZygoteState.isClosed()) {
            primaryZygoteState =
                    ZygoteState.connect(mZygoteSocketAddress, mUsapPoolSocketAddress);
            maybeSetApiBlacklistExemptions(primaryZygoteState, false);
            maybeSetHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate(primaryZygoteState);
        }
    }

    和Zygote进程的Server端Socket建立连接后,就是开始往Socket写数据了。

    10、attemptZygoteSendArgsAndGetResult

    回到第8步调用了zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult函数,又调用了attemptZygoteSendArgsAndGetResult函数。

    zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult=&gt;attemptZygoteSendArgsAndGetResult

    11、attemptZygoteSendArgsAndGetResult

    到这里,通过Socket的方式向Zygote进程写进前面拼接好的参数,Zygote在Server端的Socket接收到数据之后,会执行创建动作。在返回的result.pid>=0表示创建成功,并运行在新的进程。

        private Process.ProcessStartResult attemptZygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(
                ZygoteState zygoteState, String msgStr) throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
            try {
                final BufferedWriter zygoteWriter = zygoteState.mZygoteOutputWriter;
                final DataInputStream zygoteInputStream = zygoteState.mZygoteInputStream;
                zygoteWriter.write(msgStr);
                zygoteWriter.flush();
                Process.ProcessStartResult result = new Process.ProcessStartResult();
                result.pid = zygoteInputStream.readInt();
                result.usingWrapper = zygoteInputStream.readBoolean();
                if (result.pid &lt; 0) {
                    throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("fork() failed");
                }
                return result;
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                zygoteState.close();
                Log.e(LOG_TAG, "IO Exception while communicating with Zygote - "
                        + ex.toString());
                throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx(ex);
            }
        }

    12、Zygote.main

    在Zygote的启动流程过程,调用了ZygoteInit的main函数,因为Zygote是通过fork自身来创建其他进程,所以需要根据传递进来的参数,进行判断是启动什么类型的进程,例如自身isPrimaryZygote=true,或者SystemServer进程。然后通过ZygoteServer.runSelectLoop函数,等待其他进程请求创建新的进程。

        public static void main(String argv[]) {
            ZygoteServer zygoteServer = null;
            Runnable caller;
            try {
            	...
                boolean startSystemServer = false;
                String zygoteSocketName = "zygote";
                String abiList = null;
                boolean enableLazyPreload = false;
                for (int i = 1; i &lt; argv.length; i++) {
                    if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
                        startSystemServer = true; //判断是否SystemServer进程
                    } else if ("--enable-lazy-preload".equals(argv[i])) {
                        enableLazyPreload = true;
                    } else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) {
                        abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length());
                    } else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
                    	//SCOKET_NAME_ARG="--socket-name=",根据参数得到SocketName
                        zygoteSocketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length());
                    } else {
                        throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " + argv[i]);
                    }
                }
    		    //PRIMARY_SOCKET_NAME=zygote
                final boolean isPrimaryZygote = zygoteSocketName.equals(Zygote.PRIMARY_SOCKET_NAME);
             	gcAndFinalize();
                Zygote.initNativeState(isPrimaryZygote);
                ZygoteHooks.stopZygoteNoThreadCreation();
                zygoteServer = new ZygoteServer(isPrimaryZygote);
                if (startSystemServer) {
                	//启动SystemServer进程
                    Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, zygoteSocketName, zygoteServer);
                    if (r != null) {
                        r.run();
                        return;
                    }
                }
    		   //循环等待AMS来请求创建新的进程
                caller = zygoteServer.runSelectLoop(abiList);
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                Log.e(TAG, "System zygote died with exception", ex);
                throw ex;
            } finally {
                if (zygoteServer != null) {
                    zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
                }
            }
    		//调用新的进程主函数
            if (caller != null) {
                caller.run();
            }
        }

    13、ZygoteServer.runSelectLoo

    这里只关注ZygoteServer.runSelectLoop函数,接受Socket客户端数据。

     /**
         * Runs the zygote process's select loop. Accepts new connections as
         * they happen, and reads commands from connections one spawn-request's
         * worth at a time.
         */
        Runnable runSelectLoop(String abiList) {
            while (true) {
             	...
                ZygoteConnection connection = peers.get(pollIndex);
                final Runnable command = connection.processOneCommand(this);
    			...
                if (mIsForkChild) {
                    return command;
                }
                ....       
       		}
    	}

    14、ZygoteConnection.processOneCommand

    runSelctLoop主要是从循环中检测是否有连接建立,建立之后执行ZygoteConnection的processOneCommand函数,并返回一个Runable类型的command对象。

    Runnable processOneCommand(ZygoteServer zygoteServer) {
        ...
        args = Zygote.readArgumentList(mSocketReader);
        //根据参数内容,作其他类型的处理
        ...
        //创建进程,调用底层nativeForkAndSpecialize方法,通过fork当前进程来创建一个子线程。
        pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize(parsedArgs.mUid, parsedArgs.mGid, parsedArgs.mGids,
                parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags, rlimits, parsedArgs.mMountExternal, parsedArgs.mSeInfo,
                parsedArgs.mNiceName, fdsToClose, fdsToIgnore, parsedArgs.mStartChildZygote,
                parsedArgs.mInstructionSet, parsedArgs.mAppDataDir, parsedArgs.mIsTopApp,
                parsedArgs.mPkgDataInfoList, parsedArgs.mWhitelistedDataInfoList,
                parsedArgs.mBindMountAppDataDirs, parsedArgs.mBindMountAppStorageDirs);
        ...
        if (pid == 0) {
            //设置mIsForkChild=true
            zygoteServer.setForkChild();
           //关闭Socket连接
            zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
            IoUtils.closeQuietly(serverPipeFd);
            serverPipeFd = null;
           //执行子进程内容
            return handleChildProc(parsedArgs, childPipeFd, parsedArgs.mStartChildZygote);
        } 
        ...
    }

    15、handleChildProc

    handleChildProc函数。

    private Runnable handleChildProc(ZygoteArguments parsedArgs,
            FileDescriptor pipeFd, boolean isZygote) {
            ...
            if (!isZygote) {
                return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion,
                        parsedArgs.mDisabledCompatChanges,
                        parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs, null /* classLoader */);
            } else {
                return ZygoteInit.childZygoteInit(parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion,
                        parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs, null /* classLoader */);
            }
    }

    16、 ZygoteInit.zygoteInit

    public static final Runnable zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, long[] disabledCompatChanges,
            String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
        RuntimeInit.commonInit();
        ZygoteInit.nativeZygoteInit();//为新进程创建Binder线程池
        return RuntimeInit.applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, disabledCompatChanges, argv,
                classLoader);
    }

    以前还以为每个进程共用一个Binder线程池,现在知道每个进程都有自己的Binder线程池进行IPC。

    17、RuntimeInit.applicationInit

        protected static Runnable applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, long[] disabledCompatChanges,
                String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
            final Arguments args = new Arguments(argv); 
            return findStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
        }

    这里的args.startClass就是Socket客户端传递下来的android.app.ActivityThread。

    18、RuntimeInit.findStaticMain

    RuntimeInit.findStaticMain函数主要通过反射创建ActivityThread类的实例,并反射主函数main,然后封装到MethodAndArgsCaller实例中返回。

    protected static Runnable findStaticMain(String className, String[] argv,
            ClassLoader classLoader) {
        ...
        Class&lt;?&gt; cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
        Method m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] {						
    						
    						
    						
    						
    						
    						
    					

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