这篇“基于ArrayList初始化长度的作用及影响是什么”文章的知识点大部分人都不太理解,所以小编给大家总结了以下内容,内容详细,步骤清晰,具有一定的借鉴价值,希望大家阅读完这篇文章能有所收获,下面我们一起来看看这篇“基于ArrayList初始化长度的作用及影响是什么”文章吧。
一、有无初始容量的区别
/**
* The maximum size of array to allocate.
* Some VMs reserve some header words in an array.
* Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result in
* OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit
*/
private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
/**
* Default initial capacity.
*/
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
/**
* The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
* The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
* empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
* will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
*/
transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access
/**
* Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
*/
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
/**
* Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the list
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
* is negative
*/
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity > 0) {
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
}
}
/**
* Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the
* number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
*
* @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
*/
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
以上是JDK1.8的ArrayList源码,可以看出,
没有初始容量的话,在做数据操作的时候ArrayList会自己创建容量,JDK1.8默认为10
每次扩容后容量为oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1)
容量最大值Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8
由此可以想到,如果存在上千上万数据量的操作,不初始容量和初始化了合适的容量,处理时间肯定不同,因为初始化和扩容是需要时间的。
测试代码如下:
public static void main(String[] args) {
final int count = 200 * 10000;
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i = 0; i < count ; i++) {
list.add(i);
}
System.out.println("没有设置ArrayList初始容量: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin) + " ms");
List<Integer> list2 = new ArrayList<>(10);
long begin2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i = 0; i < count ; i++) {
list2.add(i);
}
System.out.println("设置了ArrayList初始容量: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin2) + " ms");
}
输出:
没有设置ArrayList初始容量: 96 ms
设置了ArrayList初始容量: 26 ms
分析:
在list.add()方法执行时,先调用ArrayList的:
/**
* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
*
* @param e element to be appended to this list
* @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
进入方法:
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
}
再往下:
private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {// 第一次add的时候,都会走这一步
return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);//初始化容量小于默认值10都会取10,反之取自定义的容量
}
return minCapacity;
}
扩容方法:
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
grow():
/**
* Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the
* number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
*
* @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
*/
private void grow(int minCapacity) {//minCapacity是当前容量,比如,默认容量下,add一次后就是10+1
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
总结:
建议初始化容量,减少系统初始化容量的耗时;
初始化容量不是越大越好,跟系统配置相关,因为要开辟内存。如果能确定add的总数,以总数作为初始容量效率最高,但这种场景太少了。
尽管不知道初始化多少最快,但是初始化比未初始化快,并且有限的数据量下,设置不同initialCapacity的差距不大。最终,我建议大家初始化容量,并且就写10(<=10都一样,看自己喜好)。
上例不同大小初始容量的耗时:
initialCapacity | time |
---|---|
未初始化 | 96 |
<=10 | 26 |
100 | 26 |
1000 | 23 |
10000 | 648 |
100000 | 24 |
1000000 | 18 |
10000000 | 609 |
二、initialCapacity != list.size()
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(10);
list.set(0, 666);
}
console:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index: 0, Size: 0
at java.util.ArrayList.rangeCheck(ArrayList.java:657)
at java.util.ArrayList.set(ArrayList.java:448)
at top.chengsw.demo.test.ListTest.main(ListTest.java:25)
此时,list.size() = 0。
也就是说,该构造方法并不是将ArrayList()初始化为指定长度,而是指定了其内部的Object数组的长度,也就是其容量。
当我们调用size()时,返回的是其实际长度,而非容量大小。
对超出ArrayList长度的部分进行访问或赋值操作时也会造成访问越界,尽管它的容量大小足够。
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